Type 1 vs Type 2 NPIs: what the entity type means

Updated 2026-07-31

A Type 1 NPI identifies an individual person — a physician, nurse practitioner, therapist, or any other individual practitioner. A Type 2 NPI identifies an organization — a clinic, group practice, hospital, or supplier. NPPES classifies every NPI as one or the other, a practitioner can hold a Type 1 NPI while their practice holds a Type 2, and some Medicare checks (like ordering/referring eligibility) apply only to individuals.

The two entity types

  • Type 1 (Individual): one person, one NPI, for their entire career — it follows them across employers and states.
  • Type 2 (Organization): a legal entity such as a group practice, clinic, hospital, home health agency, or supplier. An organization can hold multiple Type 2 NPIs for subparts.

The NPPES registry records the entity type on every NPI record, and it is one of the first things worth checking: it determines which other Medicare signals even apply.

Why a provider shows up with both types

A physician who owns a practice typically appears twice in the registry: their personal Type 1 NPI and the practice's Type 2 NPI. Claims and enrollment records reference whichever identity fits the role — the person who performed the service, or the entity that bills for it. Medicare reassignment of benefits is exactly this link: an individual authorizing an organization to bill for their services.

Checks that depend on entity type

  • Ordering/referring eligibility applies to individuals — the CMS Order & Referring file lists eligible practitioners, not organizations.
  • Opt-out affidavits are filed by individual practitioners.
  • Group-side enrollment records and reassignment relationships center on the Type 2 identity.

Entity type comes from the public NPPES registry and is self-reported at enumeration. It does not verify licensure, credentialing, or payment eligibility — and absence from any public Medicare file is not proof of a negative finding; files lag their sources.

How to check an NPI's entity type

Run the NPI through the lookup on the home page: the record shows its entity type alongside the registry status, taxonomy, and public Medicare enrollment and exclusion signals — each with its source and the time it was checked.

Frequently asked questions

Can one person have two Type 1 NPIs?

No. An individual is enumerated once; the Type 1 NPI stays with them for their career even when they change names, employers, or states.

Which NPI type appears on a claim?

Often both, in different fields: the individual who rendered the service and the organization that bills for it. The public registry lets you look up either identity.

Official sources

Related

Look up any NPI free — entity type, registry status, and public Medicare signals with evidence